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SELECT name
FROM users
WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(preferences->'$.languages', '"es"');

This query returns users who have "es" (Spanish) in their languages array.

As datasets grow larger, the performance of SQL queries becomes increasingly important. Slow queries can impact the overall performance of applications and degrade the user experience. Optimizing SQL queries involves several techniques, with indexing being one of the most effective methods to enhance performance.

This guide explores various query optimization techniques, focusing on indexing and other strategies to improve SQL query performance.