Smart Contracts Programming Tutorials, Guides & Best Practices

• Avoid Storage in Loops: Writing to storage inside loops can quickly escalate gas costs. If you must use a loop, limit its execution or use memory instead of storage.
• Use Events for Logging: Instead of storing logs on-chain, use Solidity events. Events are cheaper and can be accessed off-chain by listening to logs.
• Optimize for Minimal Execution Paths: Design your smart contract functions to have the most common execution path consume the least gas.
• Leverage immutable and constant Keywords: For variables that won’t change after deployment, use immutable or constant to save on gas.
• Consider Upgradable Contracts: For complex contracts that may require changes over time, consider using upgradable contracts to avoid redeployment costs.

To understand the impact of gas optimization, let’s look at some real-world examples from popular Ethereum projects:

• string public message: Declares a public string variable to store the message.
• setMessage(string memory newMessage): A function to set a new message.
• getMessage() public view returns (string memory): A function to retrieve the stored message.

After writing the smart contract, the next step is to compile and deploy it.

You’ll notice that calling the set function will require gas (a small amount of Ether) to execute, whereas calling the get function is free as it’s a view function.

Writing smart contracts requires attention to detail, especially when it comes to security and efficiency. Here are some best practices: