Tutorial: Getting Started with DevSecOps — Secure CI/CD Pipelines with Jenkins

DevSecOps is a natural evolution of the DevOps practice, integrating security directly into the continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines. This ensures that security is a shared responsibility across all stages of development rather than being an afterthought. Jenkins, an open-source automation server, plays a pivotal role in this setup by helping to automate CI/CD workflows.

In this tutorial, we’ll walk you through setting up a secure CI/CD pipeline with Jenkins, incorporating DevSecOps practices to ensure code integrity, vulnerability scanning, and automated security testing.

What is DevSecOps?

DevSecOps stands for Development, Security, and Operations. It builds on the principles of DevOps but emphasizes security as a fundamental component of the software development life cycle. In DevSecOps, security is not just the responsibility of security experts; developers, operations, and even testers play a role in ensuring that security best practices are followed throughout the CI/CD pipeline.

Why Jenkins for DevSecOps?

Jenkins is one of the most widely used CI/CD tools. Its versatility, combined with a large number of plugins, makes it a powerful choice for automating the integration of security checks at every stage of the development process. Jenkins integrates easily with tools for static code analysis, vulnerability scanning, and compliance testing, making it an ideal platform for DevSecOps.

Prerequisites:

• Basic knowledge of Jenkins and DevOps.
• Jenkins installed and running on your local machine or a cloud instance.
• GitHub or GitLab repository to host your code.
• Docker installed (optional but recommended for containerized security tools).

Step 1: Setting Up Jenkins

1. Install Jenkins:

If you haven’t installed Jenkins yet, follow the instructions on [Jenkins' official website](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/). Once installed, start Jenkins and log into the Jenkins dashboard at http://localhost:8080.

1. Create a New Jenkins Job:

From the dashboard, click New Item. Choose Pipeline and give it a descriptive name, such as Secure-CI-CD-Pipeline. This will help you organize jobs within Jenkins.

1. Install Security Plugins:

Jenkins has numerous plugins that integrate security checks into your pipeline. Key plugins include:

• OWASP Dependency-Check: Scans for known vulnerabilities in project dependencies.
• SonarQube: Performs static code analysis to identify bugs, code smells, and security vulnerabilities.
• Aqua Security Microscanner or Trivy: Tools to scan Docker images for vulnerabilities.

To install plugins, go to Manage Jenkins > Manage Plugins and search for these tools under the Available tab.

Step 2: Creating a Secure CI/CD Pipeline in Jenkins

1. Basic Pipeline Setup:

We will use a Jenkinsfile to define the pipeline as code. The Jenkinsfile is stored in your version control system (e.g., GitHub or GitLab) and tells Jenkins how to run your CI/CD pipeline.

pipeline {
    agent any

    stages {
        stage('Clone Repository') {
            steps {
                // Pull code from your GitHub or GitLab repository
                git url: 'https://github.com/your-repository.git'
            }
        }

        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                // Build the application (e.g., using Maven or Gradle)
                sh 'mvn clean package'
            }
        }
    }
}

This basic pipeline pulls code from a Git repository and builds it using Maven.

2. Adding Security to the Pipeline:

Step 1: Static Code Analysis with SonarQube

SonarQube can be integrated into your Jenkins pipeline to perform static analysis for code quality and security issues.

• Install SonarQube locally or use a cloud instance.
• Add SonarQube to your Jenkins pipeline:

stage('Static Code Analysis') {
    steps {
        // Run SonarQube scan
        withSonarQubeEnv('SonarQube') { // Name must match your SonarQube configuration in Jenkins
            sh 'mvn sonar:sonar'
        }
    }
}

Step 2: Vulnerability Scanning with OWASP Dependency-Check

OWASP Dependency-Check scans your dependencies for known vulnerabilities.

• First, install the OWASP Dependency-Check plugin in Jenkins.
• Add the following to your pipeline to integrate dependency scanning:

stage('Dependency Vulnerability Scan') {
    steps {
        // Run OWASP Dependency-Check
        dependencyCheck additionalArguments: '--format XML', odcInstallation: 'Dependency-Check'
    }
}

Step 3: Container Vulnerability Scanning (Optional)

If you’re using Docker containers, scanning them for vulnerabilities is critical. You can integrate Docker image scanning tools like Trivy or Aqua Security into Jenkins.

• Install Docker on the Jenkins server.
• Add container scanning to your pipeline:

stage('Container Security Scan') {
    steps {
        // Scan Docker image for vulnerabilities
        sh 'docker build -t my-app .'
        sh 'trivy image my-app'
    }
}

Step 4: Unit Tests and Security Testing

Security unit tests and API tests should also be part of your CI/CD pipeline.

stage('Run Unit and Security Tests') {
    steps {
        // Run unit tests
        sh 'mvn test'

        // You can also integrate security testing tools like ZAP or Gauntlt here
    }
}

Step 3: Notifications and Reporting

After the security tests and scans are completed, it’s important to set up notifications in case of any issues.

1. Configure Email Notifications:

Jenkins can be configured to send notifications when a pipeline fails. Go to Manage Jenkins > Configure System and set up an email server.

1. Slack Integration (optional):

If your team uses Slack, you can integrate Jenkins with Slack to receive real-time notifications about your pipeline status.

1. Security Reports:

Tools like OWASP Dependency-Check and SonarQube generate security reports that can be visualized on the Jenkins dashboard or sent via email.

Step 4: Implementing Automated Rollback (Optional)

If a critical vulnerability is detected, you might want to automate a rollback or stop deployment. You can add conditional checks in the pipeline to handle this:

stage('Conditional Deployment') {
    steps {
        script {
            // Example: if vulnerability scan fails, skip deployment
            def scanResult = sh(script: 'check-vulnerability.sh', returnStatus: true)
            if (scanResult != 0) {
                error('Vulnerability scan failed. Aborting deployment.')
            } else {
                // Proceed with deployment
                sh 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml'
            }
        }
    }
}

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we set up a secure CI/CD pipeline with Jenkins, integrating static code analysis, dependency scanning, and container vulnerability assessments. By incorporating DevSecOps practices, you ensure that security is embedded into every step of the development process, from code submission to deployment.

The next step is to scale your DevSecOps practice, ensuring that security tools and automation continue to evolve with your applications and infrastructure.