Introduction: Why Micro-Frontends in 2025?
As web applications grow larger and teams become more distributed, the traditional monolithic frontend architecture becomes harder to scale. Enter micro-frontends — the 2025-ready solution that brings backend microservices thinking to the frontend world.
Micro-frontends allow different teams to work independently on isolated UI components, which are then stitched together at runtime. This enables:
- Faster deployment cycles
- Independent scaling of frontend parts
- Team autonomy across tech stacks (e.g., React, Vue, Angular)
At the core of this revolution is Webpack 5’s Module Federation Plugin, which allows independently deployed builds to share code dynamically.
What is Module Federation?
Module Federation is a feature in Webpack 5 that enables one JavaScript application (host) to dynamically load code from another (remote) at runtime.
🔑 Key Features:
- Load remote components/apps on demand
- Share dependencies to avoid duplication
- Enable code splitting across teams
- Works with different JS frameworks
Use Case Scenario
Let’s say you’re building a dashboard app in React, but your analytics module is handled by another team using Vue. You don’t want to tightly couple the two.
With Webpack Module Federation, you can load the Vue-based analytics micro-frontend into the React host — all without bundling it directly.
Project Structure Overview
We’ll build two apps:
app-shell (Host) – React dashboard shellanalytics-app (Remote) – Vue analytics micro-frontend
/app-shell (React)
├── webpack.config.js
├── src/
└── bootstrap.js
/analytics-app (Vue)
├── webpack.config.js
├── src/
└── main.js
Step 1: Setting Up the Remote App (Vue)
Install Vue + Webpack in the analytics-app:
npm init vue@latest
cd analytics-app
npm install
Install dependencies for Webpack configuration:
npm install -D webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server html-webpack-plugin
Create a webpack.config.js:
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const ModuleFederationPlugin = require('webpack').container.ModuleFederationPlugin;
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
devServer: {
port: 8081,
},
entry: './src/main.js',
output: {
publicPath: 'http://localhost:8081/',
},
plugins: [
new ModuleFederationPlugin({
name: 'analytics_app',
filename: 'remoteEntry.js',
exposes: {
'./Analytics': './src/components/Analytics.vue',
},
shared: require('./package.json').dependencies,
}),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: './public/index.html' }),
],
};
Step 2: Expose a Vue Component
Create src/components/Analytics.vue:
<template>
<div class="analytics">
<h2>Real-Time Analytics</h2>
<p>This component is loaded remotely via Module Federation.</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'Analytics',
};
</script>
Step 3: Set Up the Host App (React)
Now let’s set up the main container app.
npx create-react-app app-shell
cd app-shell
npm install -D webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server html-webpack-plugin
In webpack.config.js of app-shell:
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const ModuleFederationPlugin = require('webpack').container.ModuleFederationPlugin;
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
devServer: {
port: 8080,
},
entry: './src/bootstrap.js',
output: {
publicPath: 'http://localhost:8080/',
},
plugins: [
new ModuleFederationPlugin({
name: 'app_shell',
remotes: {
analytics_app: 'analytics_app@http://localhost:8081/remoteEntry.js',
},
shared: require('./package.json').dependencies,
}),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: './public/index.html' }),
],
};
Update src/bootstrap.js:
import('./App');
Update src/App.js:
import React from 'react';
// Lazy load the remote Vue component
const Analytics = React.lazy(() => import('analytics_app/Analytics'));
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
<h1>Host Dashboard</h1>
<React.Suspense fallback={<div>Loading Analytics...</div>}>
<Analytics />
</React.Suspense>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
Step 4: Run Both Applications
Start the remote app (Vue):
cd analytics-app
npx webpack serve
Then start the host app (React):
cd app-shell
npx webpack serve
Visit http://localhost:8080 — you’ll see the React dashboard with the Vue analytics module seamlessly loaded via Module Federation.
2025 Best Practices for Micro-Frontends
Here are some crucial tips to future-proof your micro-frontend architecture in 2025:
✅ Use Independent Deployments
Each micro-frontend should be versioned and deployed separately.
✅ Handle Shared Dependencies Wisely
Use shared in Module Federation to prevent loading duplicate libraries (like react, vue, etc.).
✅ Implement Design Tokens
Use a design system or tokens for consistent UI/UX across micro-apps.
✅ Authentication & Routing
Use a centralized approach for auth tokens and route management — or pass them via shared context if needed.
Pros and Cons of Micro-Frontends with Module Federation
✅ Pros:
- Autonomous teams & deployments
- Tech stack flexibility
- Improved scalability
- Faster build times for individual apps
⚠️ Cons:
- Increased complexity
- More testing needed (integration)
- SEO handling is trickier in client-rendered apps
SEO Considerations for Micro-Frontend Apps (2025 Update)
To improve Google indexing:
- Use SSR (Server-Side Rendering) for public pages
- Add
<meta> tags and Open Graph data dynamically - Ensure Lighthouse scores are optimized (especially for CLS, LCP)
- Avoid client-only routing for key landing pages
Conclusion
In 2025, micro-frontends are not just a buzzword — they are a proven way to scale modern frontend architectures. With Webpack Module Federation, teams can deliver independently developed features without sacrificing user experience or performance.
By following this guide, you’ve created a flexible, scalable frontend system that combines React and Vue in real time — powered by the magic of Webpack 5.
✅ What’s Next?
- Add a third micro-frontend (e.g., a user-profile module in Angular)
- Deploy to cloud services (e.g., Vercel, Netlify, or AWS S3 + CloudFront)
- Explore SSR with Next.js + Module Federation